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English as a Foreign Language

There are two ways to learn a language. One way is to make an intensive study of its grammar, to memorize its conjugations, vocabulary, idioms, and oddities. The other is immersion: You go to where the language is spoken, listen, watch, and join the conversation.

The students of grammar sometimes become very adept at written language but are too timid to speak, for fear of making mistakes. The students by immersion sometimes make mistakes in their grammar, vocabulary, or pronunciation, but they have no choice. They have to speak in order to live in the new culture.

If English is not your native language, you may be feeling too timid to write and expose your shortcomings with the language. Try not to be. Whether you want to write a blog posting, an email, a letter, or a technical document, the best way is to begin writing as if you were comfortable, to pretend.

Learners of English often make the mistake of writing something first in their own language, then translating it into English. You quickly feel yourself trapped by the limits of what you know of the second language, like an adult trying to fit into clothes that were made for a child.

Begin by accepting that you will not be able to say everything that you want to say. For now, you will not sound as knowledgeable or as full of feeling as you know you are.

For now, you have to begin by writing only what it is possible for you to say in English.

And as any student by immersion knows, with time, you will be able to write more in the new language — simply because you are working with it, testing it out, sometimes getting frustrated, but slowly learning to bend it to your needs.

Related post: The Blank Page, or How to Begin

Cheat Sheets for Web Development

Jessica Hupp of VirtualHosting.com has gathered some very good resources at The Cheat Sheet Cheat Sheet: Top 100 Lists of Web Development Cheat Sheets, and readers have posted even more in the comments section. Read more.

Everyone Likes a Quiz

The Pew Internet & American Life Project recently published the quiz “Where Do You Fit?”: “Do you cringe when your cell phone rings? Do you suffer from withdrawal when you can’t check your Blackberry?” Try it out.

Introduction: Background and Context

This blog is

  • A collection of guidelines and examples to help you convey your intended meaning
  • A place to get answers about your questions on writing
  • A test to see whether anyone is reading the content

This blog is not

  • An effort to make fun of anyone’s writing or unintended mistakes
  • The final authority

The advice here is intended to help you write better for a U.S. English-speaking audience. What each of us recognizes as the right way to speak or write English has everything to do with where we learned the language and the conventions that feel most familiar to us.

I learned English in San Francisco, California, so my idea of what is correct will differ from that of a reader who learned English in London or Cairo or Singapore. I write from a U.S. context, so some of the advice here may seem strange to you. With any luck, most of it will make sense.

What makes me the expert, and why should you take my advice? I earned a master’s degree in English and a certificate in teaching composition from San Francisco State University. I began editing full-time as a freelancer in 1999. After taking a correspondence course in copyediting from Amy Einsohn of Editcetera, I learned how little I knew about editing and started working to catch up. I took a position as a technical editor at Sun Microsystems in August 2006. I enjoy helping people to write with less fear and more heart, to help them convey more of their intended meaning.

I’ll try to speak plainly in this blog, to isolate common errors and provide guidelines to help you avoid them.

If this blog is not what you were looking for, try reading any of the following U.S. writers to see if their style and advice suit you better:

If you’re interested, take a look at some of my previous publications. Happy reading.